5 ̲ÑÖŲ ÂÒÐÀÒÈ ÍÀÏÎÐÓ (ÒÈÑÊÓ)  ÒÐÓÁÀÕ

5.3 Ïðèêëàäè
           5.3.1.* Òðóáà ä³àìåòðîì , ÿêà ðîçòàøîâàíà ãîðèçîíòàëüíî, ðàïòîâî ïåðåõîäèòü â òðóáó ä³àìåòðîì . Âèòðàòà âîäè â òðóá³ Q.
Ïîòð³áíî âèçíà÷èòè:
à) âòðàòè íàï³ðó ïðè ðàïòîâîìó ðîçøèðåíí³ òðóáè;
á) ð³çíèöþ òèñê³â â îáîõ òðóáàõ;
â) âòðàòè íàï³ðó ³ ð³çíèöþ òèñê³â äëÿ âèïàäêó, êîëè âîäà áóäå òåêòè â ïðîòèëåæíîìó íàïðÿìêó ( òîáòî ç øèðîêî¿ òðóáè ó âóçüêó );
ã) ð³çíèöþ òèñê³â ïðè ïîñòóïîâîìó ðîçøèðåíí³ òðóáè ( ââàæàþ÷è âòðàòè íàï³ðó çíåâàæëèâî ìàëèìè ).
Äàíî:
           Ðîçâ’ÿçîê
à) Çíàõîäèìî âòðàòè íàï³ðó ïðè ðàïòîâîìó ðîçøèðåíí³ òðóáîïðîâîäó çà ôîðìóëîþ Áîðäà
                                              
                             
                                      
á) Çíàõîäèìî ð³çíèöþ òèñê³â â îáîõ òðóáàõ ³ç ð³âíÿííÿ Áåðíóëë³
                                     
                                                  
â) Ïðè çì³í³ íàïðÿìêó ðóõó íà çâîðîòí³é, òîáòî ç øèðîêî¿ òðóáè ó âóçüêó, øâèäê³ñòü â ñòèñëîìó ïåðåð³ç³
                                             
Ñòåï³íü ñòèñíåííÿ ïîòîêó
                                         
Êîåô³ö³ºíò ñòèñíåííÿ ñòðóìèíè çà ôîðìóëîþ
;                                         
Âòðàòè íàïîðó ïðè ðàïòîâîìó çâóæåíí³ ïîòîêó
  
гçíèöÿ òèñê³â
;                       
                                              
ã) ßêáè áóâ çàáåçïå÷åíèé ïëàâíèé ïåðåõ³ä â³ä òðóáè âóçüêîãî ïåðåð³çó äî òðóáè øèðîêîãî ïåðåð³çó, òî ð³çí³ñòü òèñê³â áóëà á ð³âíà:
                          
                                              
           5.3.2. Ó ñòàëåâîìó òðóáîïðîâîä³ ñèñòåìè ãàðÿ÷îãî âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ  ä³àìåòðîì d, äîâæèíîþ l ðóõàºòüñÿ âîäà ç³ øâèäê³ñòþ V. Òåìïåðàòóðà âîäè t. Ó òðóáîïðîâîä³ º n ïîâîðîò³â ( êóòîâèê³â ) ï³ä êóòîì a ³ ïðîáêîâèé êðàí. Âèçíà÷èòè âòðàòè òèñêó.
Äàíî:
Ðîçâ’ÿçîê
Âòðàòè òèñêó DÐâòð ñêëàäàþòüñÿ ç âòðàò íà òåðòÿ ïî äîâæèí³ DÐl ³ âòðàòè â ì³ñöåâèõ îïîðàõ . ×èñëî Ðåéíîëüäñà ( äèâ. òàáë. À.1.12)
                                 
Äëÿ ñòàëåâîãî òðóáîïðîâîäà ( äèâ. òàáë. À.2.1) ; â³äíîñíà æîðñòêóâàò³ñòü
                                           
Êîåô³ö³ºíò ã³äðàâë³÷íîãî òåðòÿ çíàõîäèìî çà óí³âåðñàëüíîþ ôîðìóëîþ

        

Âòðàòè òèñêó íà òåðòÿ ïî äîâæèí³ òðóáîïðîâîäó ïðè     ( äèâ. òàáë. À.1.12)
               
Êîåô³ö³ºíò ì³ñöåâèõ îïîð³â âèçíà÷àºìî çà ôîðìóëîþ
                                                 
äëÿ ïîâîðîòà ï³ä êóòîì  ( äèâ. òàáë. À.2.2)
äëÿ ïðîáêîâîãî êðàíó ( äèâ. òàáë. À.2.2)
Ñóìà êîåô³ö³ºíò³â ì³ñöåâèõ îïîð³â
.                     
̳ñöåâ³ âòðàòè òèñêó
.                      
Ñóìàðí³ âòðàòè òèñêó
                      
           5.3.3. Âèçíà÷èòè âòðàòè òèñêó ïðè ðóñ³ âîäè â ñòàëåâîìó òðóáîïðîâîä³ ä³àìåòðîì d, äîâæèíîþ L, ÿêèé ñêëàäàºòüñÿ ³ç ñåêö³é äîâæèíîþ ïî l, ÿê³ çâàðåí³ åëåêòðîäóãîâîþ çâàðêîþ òîâùèíîþ âèñòóïà ñòèêà íàä âíóòð³øíüîþ ïîâåðõíåþ òðóáîïðîâîäà d. Ïîð³âíÿòè ç âòðàòàìè òèñêó â òîìó æ òðóáîïðîâîä³ áåç âðàõóâàííÿ ñòèê³â, ÿêùî âèòðàòà âîäè Q, òåìïåðàòóðà âîäè t.
Âàð³àíò äàíèõ:
Ðîçâ’ÿçîê
Ó çâàðíîìó òðóáîïðîâîä³ âòðàòè òèñêó ñêëàäàþòüñÿ ³ç âòðàò ïî äîâæèí³ ³ âòðàò ó çâàðíèõ ñòèêàõ:
                                       
Øâèäê³ñòü âîäè
                                   
×èñëî Ðåéíîëüäñà(ïðè ; äèâ. òàáë. À.1.12)
.                                  
Àáñîëþòíà øîðñòêóâàò³ñòü ñòàëåâî¿ òðóáè (äèâ. òàáë. À.2.1).
³äíîñíà øîðñòêóâàò³ñòü
.                                           
Êîåô³ö³ºíò ã³äðàâë³÷íîãî òåðòÿ  âèçíà÷àºìî çà ôîðìóëîþ (4.47)
            
Êîåô³ö³ºíò ì³ñöåâîãî îïîðó îäíîãî çâàðíîãî ñòèêó çíàõîäèìî çà ôîðìóëîþ
.                             
×èñëî ñòèê³â
.                                          
Ïðè ãóñòèí³ âîäè (äèâ. òàáë. À.1.12)
          
.                       
Âòðàòè òèñêó â òîìó æ òðóáîïðîâîä³ áåç ñòèê³â
.     
Òàêèì ÷èíîì, ó âèïàäêó, ùî ðîçãëÿäàºòüñÿ, çâàðí³ ñòèêè çá³ëüøóþòü âòðàòè òèñêó íà 4%.

           5.3.4. Çíàéòè âèòðàòó òèñêó  íà ïîäîëàííÿ ì³ñöåâèõ îïîð³â ïðè ðóñ³ âîäè â ñòàëåâîìó òðóáîïðîâîä³ ä³àìåòðîì d ïðè ïîâîðîò³ íà êóò a áåç âñòàâêè ³ ç³ âñòàâêîþ (ðèñ. 5.1).Çíàéòè íàéìåíøó äîâæèíó âñòàâêè, ïðè ÿê³é â³äñóòí³é âçàºìíèé âïëèâ äâîõ ì³ñöåâèõ îïîð³â, øâèäê³ñòü âîäè V, òåìïåðàòóðà âîäè t.
Äàíî:

1 âàð³àíò:d=0,03 ì,  a=90°, V=4 ì/c, t=50°Ñ
2 âàð³àíò:d=0,04 ì, a=90°, V=4,5 ì/c, t=40°Ñ
3 âàð³àíò:d=0,025 ì, a=90°, V=5 ì/c, t=20°Ñ
Ðîçâ’ÿçîê (3 âàð³àíò)
Âòðàòè òèñêó ïðè ïîâîðîò³ íà êóò 90° áåç âñòàâêè (à) ³ ç³ âñòàâêîþ (á) çíàõîäèìî çà ôîðìóëîþ (5.2)

                                                         
Ïðèéìàþ÷è (äèâ. òàáë. À.1.12), çíàõîäèìî ÷èñëî Ðåéíîëüäñà äëÿ ïîòîêà âîäè â òðóá³:
.                                  
³äíîñíà øîðñòêóâàò³ñòü ïðè (äèâ. òàáë. À.2.1)
.                                          
Êîåô³ö³ºíò ã³äðàâë³÷íîãî òåðòÿ òðóáîïðîâîäà âèçíà÷àºìî çà ôîðìóëîþ (4.47)
.            
Êîåô³ö³ºíò ì³ñöåâîãî îïîðó ïðè ð³çêîìó ïîâîðîò³ íà 90° (äèâ. òàáë.  Êîåô³ö³ºíò ì³ñöåâîãî îïîðó ïðè ð³çêîìó ïîâîðîò³ íà 135° çíàõîäèìî çà ôîðìóëîþ
.           
Äâà ïîâîðîòè ï³ä êóòîì a =135° íå âïëèâàþòü îäíå íà îäíîãî, ÿêùî â³äñòàíü ì³æ íèìè á³ëüøå, í³æ , ÿêó çíàõîäèìî çà ôîðìóëîþ
                                                  
Òàêèì ÷èíîì, ÿêùî â³äñòàíü ì³æ äâîìà ïîâîðîòàìè a =135° á³ëüøå, í³æ ì³ñöåâ³ îïîðè íå áóäóòü âïëèâàòè îäíå íà îäíîãî. Ó öüîìó âèïàäêó
                                     
Âñòàâêà ìîæå çíèçèòè âòðàòè òèñêó îð³ºíòîâíî â 4 ðàçè.