6 вÍßÍÍß ÁÅÐÍÓË˲, ÐÎÇÐÀÕÓÍÎÊ ÏÐÎÑÒÈÕ ÒÐÓÁÎÏÐÎÂÎIJÂ

6.3 Ïðèêëàäè
           6.3.1. Âèçíà÷èòè øâèäê³ñòü ãàç³â â ãàçîõîä³ ïàðîâîãî êîòëà, ÿêùî äèíàì³÷íèé íàï³ð, çàì³ðÿíèé çà äîïîìîãîþ ñïèðòíîãî ìàíîìåòðà, ð³âíèé , ñåðåäíÿ òåìïåðàòóðà ãàç³â â ãàçîõîä³. Ãóñòèíà ãàç³â çà íîðìàëüíèõ ô³çè÷íèõ óìîâ ãóñòèíà ñïèðòó
           Ðîçâ’ÿçîê
           Øâèäê³ñòü ãàç³â â ãàçîõîä³ âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ çà ôîðìóëîþ
                                                                                                  
           äå hã - äèíàì³÷íèé íàï³ð, ì. ãàç. ñò.
           Ãóñòèíà ãàç³â ïðè tã = 367°Ñ
                         
òîä³ äèíàì³÷íèé íàï³ð â ìåòðàõ ãàçîâîãî ñòîâïà áóäå ð³âíèé:
                                      
         Øâèäê³ñòü ãàç³â
                                               
           6.3.2. Âèçíà÷èòè òåîðåòè÷íó âèòðàòó âîäè, ÿêùî ð³çíèöÿ íàïîð³â ó âåëèêîìó ³ ìàëîìó ïåðåð³çàõ âîäîì³ðà Âåíòóð³ ijàìåòð òðóáîïðîâîäó D = 300 ìì, ä³àìåòð öèë³íäðîâî¿ ä³ëÿíêè âîäîì³ðà d = 100 ìì (ðèñ.6.3).
Ðîçâ’ÿçîê
           Äëÿ âèð³øåííÿ ñêîðèñòàºìîñÿ ôîðìóëîþ
                                                                                       
           гçíèöÿ ï'ºçîìåòðè÷íèõ íàïîð³â ó ìåòðàõ âîäÿíîãî ñòîâïà
                                         
           Âèòðàòà âîäè
                                                
           6.3.3. Âèçíà÷èòè ðåæèì ðóõó âîäè ó ñòàí³ íàñè÷åííÿ ïî òðóáîïðîâîäó, ùî ìຠâíóòð³øí³é ä³àìåòð 125 ìì, ïðè îá'ºìí³é âèòðàò³ Òåìïåðàòóðà âîäè 150°Ñ.
           Ðîçâ’ÿçîê
           Äëÿ òîãî, ùîá âèçíà÷èòè ðåæèì ðóõó âîäè ïî òðóáîïðîâîäó, íåîáõ³äíî îá÷èñëèòè êðèòåð³é Ðåéíîëüäñà
                                                                                                       
           Øâèäê³ñòü ðóõó âîäè ð³âíà
                          .                        
           Ç òàáë. À.1.12 çíàõîäèìî m äëÿ âîäè ïðè t = 150 °Ñ:
                                                                                      

Îñê³ëüêè
                                                               
òî ðåæèì ðóõó âîäè òóðáóëåíòíèé.
           6.3.4. Äëÿ ïîòðåá ãàðÿ÷îãî âîäîïîñòà÷àííÿ äî ñïîæèâà÷³â ïîäàºòüñÿ âîäà â ê³ëüêîñò³ ïðè òåìïåðàòóð³ t = 70°Ñ. Äîâæèíà òðóáîïðîâîäó l = 1000 ì, âíóòð³øí³é ä³àìåòð òèñê âîäè íà ïî÷àòêó ë³í³¿ . ³äì³òêà îñ³ òðóáîïðîâîäó â ê³íöåâ³é òî÷ö³ íà 2 ì âèùå ïî÷àòêîâî¿. Âèçíà÷èòè ïîâíèé íàï³ð ³ òèñê íà ïî÷àòêó ³ ê³íö³ òðóáîïðîâîäó, ÿêùî øîðñòê³ñòü òðóá à âòðàòà íàïîðó â ì³ñöåâèõ îïîðàõ ð³âíà 10 % ë³í³éíèõ âòðàò.
           Ðîçâ’ÿçîê.
           Ïîâíèé íàï³ð â ïî÷àòêîâ³é òî÷ö³ âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ ïî ð³âíÿííþ Áåðíóëë³
                                             .                                            
           Íàï³ð â ê³íö³ òðóáîïðîâîäó
                                                .                                               
           Âòðàòè íàïîðó âèçíà÷èìî çà ð³âíÿííÿì
                            .                           
           Âèçíà÷èìî õàðàêòåð ðóõó ð³äèíè â òðóáîïðîâîä³
                                                  .                                                 
        Ïðè t = 70°Ñ  êîåô³ö³ºíò ê³íåìàòè÷íî¿ â'ÿçêîñò³ (äèâ. òàáë. À.1.12)
                                                                   
Øâèäê³ñòü âîäè â òðóáîïðîâîä³
                                             
Îñê³ëüêè , òî êîåô³ö³ºíò ã³äðàâë³÷íîãî òåðòÿ ñë³ä âèçíà÷àòè ïî ôîðìóë³ Øèôð³íñîíà
                                                   
           Çðåøòîþ çíàéäåìî âòðàòè íàïîðó çà óìîâè, ùî (äèâ. òàáë. À.1.12), ç óðàõóâàííÿì ì³ñöåâèõ âòðàò, ÿê³ ïî óìîâ³ çàäà÷³ ñêëàäàþòü 0,1 ë³í³éíèõ
                        
ßêùî ïðèéíÿòè çà ïî÷àòîê â³äë³êó òî
                                                       
                                                                         
           Òèñê â ê³íö³ òðóáîïðîâîäó (çã³äíî ð³âíÿííÿ Áåðíóëë³)
   
  
           6.3.5. Âèçíà÷èòè ìàêñèìàëüíó øâèäê³ñòü âîäè â òðóáîïðîâîä³, ÿêùî ð³çíèöÿ ïîâíîãî ³ ï'ºçîìåòðè÷íîãî íàïîð³â çà ðòóòíèì äèôìàíîìåòðîì ð³âíà 20 ìì. ðò. ñò.
           Ðîçâ’ÿçîê
           Ìàêñèìàëüíà  øâèäê³ñòü âîäè â òðóá³ ìàòèìå ì³ñöå â öåíòð³ òðóáè, òîáòî ñï³âïàäàòèìå ç â³ññþ óñòàíîâêè òðóáêè äëÿ âèì³ðó øâèäê³ñíîãî íàïîðó. Çàïèøåìî ðîçðàõóíêîâó ôîðìóëó
                                                                         
          
                                                 
           6.3.6. Âèçíà÷èòè ìîæëèâó âèòðàòó ç âîäîïðîâîäó â áóä³âë³, ðîçòàøîâàí³é íà â³äñòàí³ 1 êì â³ä âîäîíàï³ðíî¿ áàøòè, ÿêùî â³äîìî, ùî ð³âåíü âîäè â áàøò³ ï³äòðèìóºòüñÿ ïîñò³éíèì íà âèñîò³ 20 ì. Âîäà â áóä³âëþ ïîâèííà áóòè ïîäàíèé íà âèñîòó 10 ì. Âîäîïðîâ³ä ìຠâíóòð³øí³é ä³àìåòð d = 175 ìì ³ ïðîêëàäåíèé ïî ïðÿì³é ì³æ âîäîíàï³ðíîþ áàøòîþ ³ áóä³âëåþ.
           Ðîçâ’ÿçîê
           Äëÿ âèçíà÷åííÿ âèòðàòè âîäè ç âîäîïðîâîäó, ì3/ñ, ñêîðèñòàºìîñÿ ôîðìóëîþ
                                               ,                                              
           äå Ê – âèòðàòíà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà òðóáè, âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ çà [23]; äëÿ d = = 175 ìì çíàõîäèìî
Âòðàòà íàïîðó âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ ð³çíèöåþ âèñîò ð³âíÿ âîäè â áàøò³ ³ â áóä³âë³
Òîä³
                                                
           6.3.7. Âèçíà÷èòè íåîáõ³äíó âèñîòó ð³âíÿ âîäè â íàï³ðíîìó áàö³, ïðèçíà÷åíîìó äëÿ ïîäà÷³ âîäè ñïîæèâà÷àì ïî òðóáîïðîâîäó ä³àìåòðîì      d =125 ìì ³ çàâäîâæêè  l = 1200 ì, ÿêùî âèòðàòà 
           Ðîçâ’ÿçîê
           Âèñîòà ð³âíÿ âîäîïðîâ³äíîãî áàêà ïîâèííà áóòè òàêîþ, ùîá ïîäîëàòè îïîðè íà øëÿõó â³ä áàêà äî ñïîæèâà÷à. Îòæå, âèñîòà ð³âíÿ âîäè â áàêó ïîâèííà áóòè ð³âíîþ àáî á³ëüøå âòðàò íàïîðó:
                                                                                         
           Âèòðàòíó õàðàêòåðèñòèêó Êçíàõîäèìî çà [23]. Ïðè d = 125 ìì :  
Òîä³