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YEAR OF STUDY I
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SECTION I SECTION II
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SECTION 2 Unit 8 (G) Grammar: Indirect
Speech Special
Questions in Indirect Speech Imperatives Instructions and
Advice (R) (SR)Supplementary reading: A good workspace Health and safety Security (L) Listening Safety
in a computer classroom (S) Speaking: Monitor
specifications Are you a
responsible mobile user? (G) Grammar (block I): Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)
Useful words
Exercise 1G. Transform general questions
and superlatives into the Reported Speech: 1. The customer
asks: “Is it an ink-jet printer?” 2. The vendor asked:
“Will you take this monitor?” 3. The teacher
asked: “Have you translated this text?” 4. Dick asked: “Ann,
do you have a monochrome monitor?” 5. 6. The Instructor
warned: “Don’t sit too close to the screen!” 7. Peter recommends:
“Consider this processor. It’s more powerful.” 8. Alan asked: “Can
you see dots on the screen, Jack?” 9. The client: “Is
this a flat panel liquid crystal display (LCD)?” 10. The student: “Is
this sequence repeated 50 times per second?” 11. Jane asked:
“Kate, listen to some piece of advice, please.” 12. The teacher
warned: “Don’t use the monitor that distorts the image, Pete.” Exercise 2G. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian: 1. My friend wants
to know if I can change the settings of the display. 2. The students
asked whether portable computers used a flat panel liquid crystal display
instead of a picture tube. 3. 4. A customer is interested
to know whether a monitor is controlled by a separate circuit board known as
a display adaptor. 5. I was asked to
stay an arm’s length away from this device. 6. He asked the
vendor to show quite another display. 7. She asked me if I
had been explained that monitors specifications. 8. She asked the
doctor if it was harmful to spend 2 hours without breaks in front of the
monitor. 9. I wonder whether
you have heard about new chip technologies. 10.
The teacher advised the student to use a flat panel
monitor. Exercise 3G. Transform Direct Speech into Indirect one: Example: She said: “I can’t work with a scanner” (to admit) She admitted she couldn’t work with a scanner. 1. Nick says: “I
understood this task”. (to be sure) 2. Ann said: “I will
learn all these words”. (to promise) 3. Dick said:
“Computers appeared last century”. (find
out) 4. A teacher said:
“There are many different ways to count”. (to remind) 5. My friend said:
“We know you are a polyglot”. (reply) 6. A student wrote:
“I have never been to 7. They said: “We
were doing our experiment”. (reported) Exercise 4G. Read mini dialogues and retell them in Indirect Speech: 1.Mary: “Do you know
that flat panel monitors save much space?” 2.Mother: “Jack, don’t
sit too close to the screen, you’ll spoil your eyes.” Jack: “Don’t worry, mum. I know about it.” 3.A
vendor: “Buy a protective filter that cuts the radiation down.” A customer: “Can you show me one?” 4.Pete: “Are flat panel
monitors easier for eyes?” A manager: “They are. They consume
less energy and have fewer emissions than traditional CRT monitors.” 5.Nick: “Tell me,
please, is it worth buying a more expensive monitor?” A shop-assistant: “It depends. If you use a
lot of high-end graphic intensive functions, take more expensive one.” 6.Assistant: “Do you need
any help?” John: “Yes, I do. I’m
looking for a personal computer. Have you got any fairly basic ones?” Exercise 5G. Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Продавець запитав, чи потрібна нам допомога. 2. Він відповів, що ніколи не бачив такого монітора. 3. Лікар порадив мені не сидіти перед комп’ютером
довго. 4. Він спитав, чи довго я вчора сидів за комп’ютером. 5. Мене попросили показати роботу цього приладу. 6. Він пояснив, що не зможе вирішити цю проблему
самостійно. 7. Він запитав, чи я впевнений, що цей тип монітора
кращий. 8. Мені порадили купити захисний фільтр. 9. Цікаво, а пласкопанельні монітори корисніші для
очей? 10.
Я знав, що мій
друг придбав дисплей на рідких кристалах. (R) After the information has been processed by the CPU we can see the
results on the screen. This is also called a monitor or visual display unit
(VDU). Exercise 1R. Read
the text and try to guess the meaning of any new words below. Refer to the
Glossary if necessary: dot pixel display resolution cathode
ray tube electron beam scan (verb) hertz refresh rate flicker bit-mapped visualize The
monitor The characters and pictures that we see on the screen are made up of
dots, also called picture elements (pixels). The total number of pixels in
which the display is divided both horizontally and vertically is known as the
resolution. If the number of pixels is very large, we obtain a high
resolution display and therefore a sharp image. If the number of pixels is
small, a low resolution is produced.
This
sequence is repeated 50, 70 or 85 times per second, depending on the system.
If the rate of this repetition is low, we can perceive a flickering, unsteady
screen, which can cause eye fatigue. However, a fast-moving 75 Hz 'refresh
rate' eliminates this annoying flicker. What
we see on the screen is created and stored in an area of RAM, so that there
is a memory cell allocated to each pixel. This type of display is called bit-mapped.
On monochrome monitors, bits 0 are visualized as white dots, and bits 1
as black dots. On colour
displays, there are three electron guns at the back of the monitor's tube.
Each gun shoots out a beam of electrons for each of the primary colours: red,
green and blue. These electrons strike the inside of the screen which is
coated with substances called phosphors that glow when struck by electrons. Three
different phosphor materials are used - one each for red, green and blue. To
create different colours, the intensity of each of the three electron beams
is varied. The monitor is controlled by
a separate circuit board, known as the display adaptor, which plugs into the
motherboard of the computer. Different boards drive different types of displays. For example, the VGA (video
graphics array) card has become a standard for colour monitors. Now
flat-screen monitors arc fashionable. They are inherently flat, and therefore
require less space. In addition, they give crisp, clear images and eliminate
screen flicker. Portable computers use a flat liquid-crystal
display (LCD) instead of a picture tube. An LCD uses a grid of crystals and polarizing filters to show the
image. The crystals block the light in different amounts to generate the dots
in the image. Exercise 2R. Read
the text again and answer these questions: 1 According to the
writer, what is the importance of 'pixel resolution'? 2 Which unit of
frequency is used to measure the refresh rate of a monitor? 3 In the writer's
opinion, why can a low refresh rate produce eye fatigue? 4 What substance is
hit by electrons in a monitor? 5 What is the
standard display system for many PCs? 6 What does 'LCD'
stand for? What type of computers use LCD displays? (S) Speaking (block I)
Describe
the monitor of your computer to another student. Use these questions: ·
Is it a monochrome or a colour monitor? § What size is the
screen? § Does it have a
cathode ray tube or a flat LCD screen? § How can you
change the picture using the controls? ·
Does it produce a high quality image? Exercise 2S.
The
specifications of Superview (Monitor A) may be explained like this: 1 This is a flat-panel Liquid Crystal Display. 2 The screen size
is 3 You get a
resolution of 1024 by 768 pixels. 4 It offers support
for 16.7 million saturated colours. 5 This digital
display has a 75 hertz refresh rate. It never flickers (the images are
bright, sharp, and distortion-free). 6 You can change
the orientation of the display, adjusting your viewing angle back and forth. 7 It has a built-in
power feature that saves a lot of energy consumption. Use
the example above to help you describe Monitor B. Exercise 3S. Decide which words are being defined in these extracts from the
dictionary: 1. One
of the small units that make up an image on a computer or television screen.
2. Flat-screen
technology using noble gases; popular with movie fans.
3. The
most common computer display technology, made of two glass plates with …
4.
Card that plugs into a computer to give
it display capabilities
5.
Device used to show images on a wall or
large screen.
Exercise 4S. Complete this conversation in a computer shop by typing in words or
phrases from the box:
Sales assistant: Can I help you with anything? Anna: Yes, please. I need a new (1)________ drive. Sales assistant: OK. Are you looking for an internal
drive or an (2) ________ one? Anna: Well, I need it for moving files between home and
work. Sales assistant: Sure. Well, you’ve basically got two
options. If you need a lot of (3) ________ for secondary (4) ________, then
you could try this Freecom drive. It (5) ________ 750GB. That’s probably
enough to (6) ________ your whole computer many times over. You’d probably
have lots of space left for archiving any files that you don’t need on a
day-to-day basis. This one’s £140. Anna: That’s a little expensive, to be honest. And I
probably don’t need 750GB. My home computer only has a 120GB drive! And it looks
a bit heavy to carry around. Sales assistant: In that case, you need something more
(7) ________. This might be what you’re looking for: the ATMT HD160
Ultra-Portable. It’s only 20GB, but it’s light and relatively cheap – only
£80. Anna: That sounds perfect. I’ll take it. Is it already (8)
________? Sales assistant: Yes, it’s all ready to use. Just bear a
couple of things in mind if you’re carrying it between home and work a lot.
Inside the drive there is a stack of metal (9) ________ that are used to
store the information. (10) ________ move the disk while the platters are
spinning – you’ll be able to hear them – or the drive could suffer a (11)
________. That’s when the (12) ________ head touches the disk surface. Anna: Right, OK. Anything else I need to know? Sales assistant: Just a couple of things. You (13)
________ unplug the drive without using the ‘Remove hardware’ command first.
And you (14) ________ check the drive regularly for viruses, especially if
you’re moving it between machines. Anna: OK, well thanks for all your help. Now
where do I go to pay? (G) Grammar (block II): Special Questions in Indirect Speech Exercise 6G. Transform Direct speech into Indirect one: Example: “What is
printing?” Alex asked. Alex
asked what printing was. Sally asks: “Mary, what type of printer do you have?” Sally asks Mary what type of printer she has. 1. “How many
computing centers are there in your University?” my friend asked/asks. 2. “What parts does
a computer consist of?” the teacher asked/asks. 3. “What did you use
this device for?” he asks/asked. 4. “Where have you
been today?” the mother asks/asked. 5. “Why don’t you
study German, Linda?” John asks/asked. 6. “Where are you
going for your holidays, guys?” I ask/asked. 7. “What type of
printer is this?” Kate asks/asked. 8. “How far is it to
your University?” My neighbour asks/asked. 9. “Which of your
friends bought jet printer?” Peter asks/asked. 10. “How long have
you been using this computer?” the professor asks/asked. 11. “What will you do
with it, Sam?” Dolly asks/asked. 12. “What must be taken into
account when choosing a printer?” the customer asks/asked. Exercise 7G. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian: 1. My friend
wondered where I had been all this time. 2. The professor
asks who hasn’t done the home task. 3. My mother wanted to
know when my last exam would take place. 4. The vendor asked
me which of the printers I preferred. 5. A customer asks
how much this printer costs. 6. Sally asked John
what the final stage in creating a document was. 7. The professor
asks how printing technology is evolving. 8. The teacher asked
how jet printers operated. 9. Jane asks where
printers are used. 10.
Dan asked me why I hadn’t come back the previous
day. 11.
I wonder where he will enter next year. 12.The buyer wanted to know
when those printers would be on sale. Exercise 8G. Translate the following sentences into English: 1. Я запитав, котрий з принтерів найдорожчий. 2. Мій друг цікавиться, де продають лазерні принтери. 3. Професор запитав, чому я не виконав домашнє
завдання. 4. Він поцікавився, хто ще знає, як працює принтер. 5. Лінда питає, як довго він вивчає англійську мову. 6. Покупець запитав, скільки це коштуватиме. 7. Мені не сказали, чому такий сканер
дорожчий. Exercise 9G. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian: 1. The professor asked
the students if they had prepared for the exams. 2. He was sure that
his idea wouldn’t work. 3. They promised
they would have done the lab work by the end of the week. 4. She said she
couldn’t help me. 5. My friend
wondered where I had bought this printer. 6. I asked my friend
how much time it would take to print that document. 7. Didn’t you
promise that you would return the book in time? 8. He confirmed that
all the texts had been translated. 9. The vendor told
John not to buy that computer. 10. They knew the
experiment was being carried out. 11. They were asked
to wait in the next room. 12. We were denied
that the printer was out of order. (L) Listening Task (Recording 8) Exercise 1L. Tony Clark, a lecturer in computer ergonomics, is talking to some
students about health and safety in a computer classroom. Listen and complete
the sentences below. Then decide where they should go in the pictures below: 1.
You should get a good chair, one that............................... 2.
Position the keyboard........................................................ 3.
Position the monitor. eye
level, or just.............................. . 4.
A tilt-and-swivel display lets you...................................... . 5.
You should stay an arm's length away from..................... . 6.
If you work in a room with a lot of computers, sit........ …. (SR) Supplementary Exercise 1SR. Do you know… A good workspace
Your screen: Your screen should be fully adjustable so that your
eyes are at the same height as the top of the screen. You may wish to use a
filter attached to the screen to reduce glare. If the screen is badly
focused, to bright or appears to flicker, then get a qualified technician to
take a look at it! Your keyboard: Use a good keyboard and you may also wish to use a
wrist pad to relieve pressure on your wrists. Your feet: You may wish to use a footpad to rest your feet on
while using the computer. Your mouse: Use a mouse mat to make the mouse easier to use.
Ensure that you have enough space to comfortably use the mouse. If your arm
or figures become tired or painful, when using the mouse, take a break and do
something else! Breaks: Take frequent breaks when using a computer! Other factors: Make sure that the area that you are using the
computer in is adequately lit and well ventilated. Ventilation is especially
important if you are using a laser printer, which may produce ozone when
printing. Health and safety Make sure that
cables are safely secured - You should always
use the power cables that were supplied with your computer or cables of a
similar quality. Make sure that the cables are safely secured at the back of
the desk and that you have power points located near the desk. If your desk
has a cable ducting system make sure that, you use it. Avoid long trailing
cables as yourself or other people can easily trip over them and cause injury
to yourself or others. Apart from personal injury, accidentally pulling out a
power cable could cause your computer to loose power and you will loose data
as a result. Network cables tend to be delicate and easily damaged and the
most common cause of failure to log onto a network server is that someone has
accidentally dislodged or damaged the network cables. Make sure that
power points are not overloaded - Overloading of a power point is dangerous and
a potential fire hazard! If you need more power sockets, have them properly
installed by a qualified electrician! Repetitive Strain
Injury (RSI) - Often referred to
as RSI. This is a condition caused by constant use of the keyboard or mouse.
You should take regular breaks to help avoid this type of injury. You may
want to consider the use of a pad that you can rest your arms on which will
help to some extent. More information: http://www.rsi-center.com Glare from
screens - You should take
regular breaks to avoid constantly staring at the screen and straining your
eyes. You should consider using the best (i.e. most expensive) monitor that
you or your company can afford. The better the monitor the better the screen
resolution and the higher the refresh rate. For detailed work, you should
also consider using a large screen rather than the 'standard' 14" or
15" screens that are in common use. In many countries, your employer has
a legal duty to pay for eye tests for employees as and when they request it. Bad posture - When sitting at your computer you should have
a monitor at eye level that can be adjusted to suit you. In addition, you may
want to consider a footrest. Security
In smaller organizations, it is often up to the individual to organize
some sort of data backup. If nothing else is available, copy your files to a
floppy disk and make sure that these backup disks are stored away from the
computer, ideally off-site. If there is a fire and your office burns down, if
your backup disks are stored next to the computer they too will be incinerated! Why you should
use “off-site” storage? - It is no good backing up your data, only to
leave the item that you backed up to next to the computer. If someone steals
your computer, it is likely that they will also steal your backups if you
leave them next to the computer! If you have a fire, then again you will lose
your backups if the backups are stored next to the computer. Ideally, backups
should be stored off-site at a safe location.
At the very least, consider storing your backups in a fireproof safe,
which will give some protection against fire damage. Beware of “open
files” - You should
perform backups at night. If you backup your computer during the day (when
you are using programs on the computer) then any program or data files that
are in use at the time of the backup will not be backed up. The backup
program will skip these 'open' files. Passwords - If your computer has a
password that prevents other users from accessing it then do NOT give this
password to anybody else. Do not write the password on a card and prop this
up next to the monitor and above all do not attempt to hide your access
passwords on the underside of your desk (this is the first place most
criminals would look if trying to break into your system). Make sure you do
not forget your passwords; in many cases, data cannot be recovered once the
password is lost. The Importance of
shutting down your computer - When you are
using a Windows based system it is important to remember that just switching
off the computer or losing power due to a power cut (power outage) can cause
loss of data. To protect against this you should save your work regularly.
Many programs have a facility that automatically saves your work, say every
10 minutes (or any time interval that you specify). Some operating systems, such as the later versions of Windows 95 and
also Windows NT have a facility that will automatically detect that the
computer was not properly shut down the last time it was used. If this
situation is detected, then a special recovery program will be run that will
attempt to fix any damage caused by the power cut. When using Windows 95 or Windows NT, you MUST always use the shutdown
command (located on the Start menu) to close down the operating system,
before switching off the power. What is a UPS? A UPS (Un-interruptible Power Supply) is a device
that you can attach to your computer that will guard against power cuts (or
indeed someone tripping over your power cable and pulling the plug out!). It
contains batteries that will keep your computer alive long enough for you to
use the shutdown command and turn off the computer in the proper way. This is
especially important for PCs on a network that might provide data for many
users on the network.
In the example illustrated the power surge protection is built into a
power adaptor allowing a number of plugs to be plugged into the adaptor. · Good ventilation · Clean environment · Stable, vibration
free surface ·
Dust ·
Drinking and eating over the keyboard ·
Heat, Cold ·
Moisture ·
Do not move the system while it’s switched on, doing
so could damage the hard disk inside the machine. ·
Do not just switch the computer off at the mains!
Follow the correct shutdown procedure or data could be lost. ·
Do not place objects on top of monitors. This could
block the ventilation holes and cause it to overheat. ·
Do not place floppy disks near monitors. Monitors
produce a strong electromagnetic field, which can damage floppy disks. What to do if the
computer breaks down - If you are
working within a large organization, you should be aware of the company’s
policy if the computer suddenly breaks down. Many large companies have a
special computer support department and you should make sure that you know
how to contact them in case of emergency. In many smaller organizations, the situation is much less formalized.
If you are not qualified to make repairs on the computer, do NOT attempt to
open the computer case and investigate. This is especially true of the
computer monitor, inside which, are many components operating at VERY HIGH
VOLTAGES, which can kill! If in doubt, get a qualified technician to fix the
problem. Prior to contacting your
computer support staff you may (if authorized by your organization) check
that the various external components, such as the mouse, keyboard, monitor
and network connections are in fact properly connected to the back of the
computer. A very common complaint to support groups is that the screen is not
working. You may wish to check that someone has not inadvertently switched
off the screen, prior to ringing the support group! One of the more common
reasons for a network not working is that someone (maybe an overnight
cleaner) has accidentally pulled the network cable out of the back of a
computer. (S) Speaking (block II) Exercise 3S. Are you a responsible mobile user? Mobiles can be very annoying for other people and
they can even be dangerous in certain situations. Look at the information on http://www.indianchild.com/cell_phone_etiquette.htm and learn how to
become a more responsible mobile user. After reading the information, decide if the
following pieces of advice are True or False. If they are false, correct them: 1.
Switch off your mobile or turn it to vibrate when
you are at a meeting, in church, at the cinema, etc. 2.
Never use it in mobile-free zones. 3. Don't talk and
drive unless you have a hands-free mobile. 4. Don't shout while
you're speaking. Remember that you can't judge how loud your voice is to the
other person while you are using a mobile, and hearing a loud voice can be
annoying for other people. 5. You can talk as
much as you want if you are talking to friends. 6. Use your mobile
to phone your friends any time, anywhere. 7. Inform others if
you are going to use your mobile and get their permission if appropriate. Exercise 4S. Unscramble the letters to make features of mobile phones:
(G) Grammar (block III): Instructions and
Advice
Exercise 10G. Rewrite the sentences about what you should do to protect your eyes.
Use modal auxiliary verbs in your sentences: 1. Do not stare at
the screen for long periods of time. 2. Avoid placing the
monitor so that it reflects a source of bright light, such as a window. 3. Keep the screen
clean to prevent distorting shadows. 4. If you work in an
office with a large number of computers, don't sit too close to the sides or
backs of the monitors. 5. Buy a protective filter that cuts down the
ELF (extremely low frequency) emissions. |
