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YEAR OF STUDY II
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SECTION I SECTION II
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Unit 6 (G) Grammar: Revision: Passive Voice, Passive
Constructions Question Tags Prepositions (R) Reading: Internet
software: e-mail, Web browser, newsreader, IRC/chats, FTP, conferencing,
Telnet (SR)
Supplementary reading: The Internet Electronic mail English legends (L) Listening What’
the Internet eBay (S) Speaking: Surfing
the Internet History, culture
and traditions of GB (G) Grammar (block I): Exercise 1G. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the verbs with
definite prepositions:
15.
Magnetic amplifiers have bееn
employed for more than fifty years; transistors were first reported uроn
in 1948 - 1949. 16.
The speed with
which arithmetic operations are performed is affected bу а number of factors, isn’t it? Verbs + Prepositions
Exercise 2G. Insert the correct preposition: 1. What does it
depend ____? 2. The language is
used ____ data transfer ___ the Internet. 3. This piece of
software allows this system to work ____ your modem. 4. Newsgroups are
the public discussion areas which make ____ a system called “Usenet”. 5. Internet
telephone and video chatting are based ___ IRC protocols. 6. This piece of
hardware is much spoken ____. 7. You can also
click ____ keywords or buttons. 8. This music is
listened ____ by many people. 9. It has to deal
____ your Internet Service Provider. 10.
Exercise 3G. Consider the sentences with passive constructions and translate them: 1.
Аnу
information mау bе
represented bу the binary system. 2.
Bits are grouped in units; these units are called
bytes. 3.
Which of the operations is to bе performed next? 4.
Ву whom are language modifications being offered? 5.
The sequence of operations is being performed bу the microcomputer. 6. Маnу graphics programs are
controlled bу
а mouse or some other device. 7. Often only the new
models are given detailed description. 8. The instruction is to bе extended. 9. When the information
has bееn stored in the
computer's memory, it саn bе calculated, compared and copied. 10.
А keyname is the nаmе of а setting. It саn consist of аnу combination of
letters and digits, and must bе followed bу аn equal sign. 11.
Programs larger than normal will not bе assembled bу Turbo Assembler. 12.
Sometimes а decision to compute is followed bу а process of
selecting the particular kind of computing machine best suited for the given
problem. 13.
The relationship bеtwееn the computers and the people
that use them has bееn given much attention. 14.
Some of the binary digits in the word correspond to аn operation and are
entered into the operation part of the register; other binary digits of this
word represent аn
address and are correspondingly entered into the address part of the register. Exercise 4G. Complete the following blog entry by giving
the passive form of the verbs in brackets:
Exercise 5G. Translate into English: 1. Цю інформацію часто
шукають в Інтернеті. 2.
Я вважаю, що до згоди прийдуть рано чи пізно. 3.
Вас уважно слухали, чи не так? 4. Пробачте, на мене
чекають. 5.
На цю статтю часто посилались. 6.
Цей сканер з цікавістю оглядали на виставці. 7.
На це повідомлення не звернули ніякої уваги, чи не так? 8.
З цією людиною не варто мати справу. 9.
Над цим планом ретельно попрацювали. 10.
Газети проглядають кожен день. 11.
Такий модем не можна підключати до мережі – можна
вивести з ладу все устаткування. 12.
Великобританія відома у всьомі світі як високорозвинена
країна, чи не так? Adjectives with Prepositions
(R) Exercise 1R. Which
Internet utility (1 to 7) would you use to do each of these tasks (a to g)? Read the text below to check your answers:
Internet
software Getting connected The language used for data
transfer on the Internet is known as TCP/IP (transmission control
protocol/Internet protocol). This is like the Internet operating system. The first program
you need is a PPP (point to point protocol) driver. This piece of software
allows the TCP/IP system to work with your modem;
it dials up your Internet service provider (ISP), transmits your
password and log-in name and allows Internet programs to operate. E-mail E-mail is your personal
connection to the Internet. It allows you to exchange messages with people
all over the world. It can include text, pictures, and even audio and
animation. When you set up
an account with an ISP, you are given a unique address and anyone can send
you e-mail. The mail you receive is stored on the server of your ISP until
you next connect and download it to your hard disk. Web browsers The Web is a hypertext-based
system where you can find news, pictures, games, online shopping, virtual
museums, electronic magazines - any topic you can imagine.
IRC, audio and video chatting IRC
- Internet relay chat -is a system for real-time (usually typed)
conversation. It's easy to use. To start a chat session you run an IRC
program, which connects you to an IRC server - a computer dedicated to IRC.
Then you join a channel, which connects you to a single chat area. Next you
type a message and the other participants can see it. Internet telephone and video chatting are based on IRC protocols.
Videoconferencing programs enable users to talk to and see each other, and
collaborate. They are used in intranets - company networks that use Internet
software but make their Web site accessible only to employees and authorized
users. FTP and Telnet With
FTP software you can copy programs, games, images and sounds from the hard
disk of a remote computer to your hard disk. Today this utility is built into
Web browsers. A Telnet program is used to log directly into remote
computer systems. This enables you to run programs kept on them and edit
files directly. Newsgroups Newsgroups are
the public discussion areas 60 which make up a system called 'Usenet'. The
contents of the newsgroups are contributed by people who send articles
(messages) or respond to articles.
They are classified into categories: comp (computers), misc
(miscellaneous), news (news), rec (recreation), soc (society),
sci (science), talk and alt (alternative). Exercise 2R. Read the text again and choose the right
answer: 1) An Internet
service provider (ISP) is ______ a. a program that
connects you to the Internet. b. a company that
gives you access to the Internet. 2) HTML is ______ a. the software
which allows you to fetch and see Web pages. b. the codes used to
create hypertext documents for the Web. 3) An IRC channel is ________ a. an IRC discussion
area. b. computer system
dedicated to IRC. 4) Usenet is _______ a. a big system of
public discussion groups. b. a newsgroup. 5) An intranet is
________ a. like a small
version of the Internet inside a company. b. a commercial
online service. Exercise 3R. a)
Read the text below. Use the words
from the box to fill in the gaps making any necessary changes:
E-mail Cindy Lewis is a journalist.
She works for Gender, a weekly magazine on the (a) _________. Cindy writes the problem page for the magazine.
Cindy has two young children so she doesn’t work in the magazine office every day, she works at home using her
(b) _________. Every morning she checks her (c) _________. She switches on
her computer and her (d) ________. She starts Outlook Express. This is the
(e) _________ which Cindy uses. She (f) _________ her e-mail messages. She usually receives about
35 messages every day. Most of the
messages come from the Gender office, but she also gets messages from friends
and colleagues around the world. They
send messages to her (g) _________. Sometimes they just send messages with (h) _________.
Some friends send longer pieces of writing in a (i) _________, or photographs in an (j) _________, or even music in a (k) _________.
Cindy can (l) _________ these _________ and see the texts,
pictures or listen to the recordings. Cindy’s e-mail address is cindylewis@demon.co.uk.
Demon is a company which Cindy uses to (m)
_________ her e-mail and the
Internet. Demon is an ISP, an (n) _________. b)
Look at the different parts of
Cindy’s e-mail address. Can you name the different parts?
1.
“at” 2.
This shows that Demon is a
commercial organisation. 3.
The user 4.
Domain name (sometimes called the “host”) 5.
Demon is in the Exercise 4R. Read the text below. Then
match the words or phrases to the definitions below: Internet Cindy uses the
Internet to find the information she needs. For example, last week she wanted
to find out about the history of an
illness called polio. She switched on her computer and modem. She
opened the web browser program called Internet Explorer. She clicked on the
Favourites menu and selected the search engine called Altavista. She typed
the word “polio” into a box and clicked
the button marked ‘search’. In a few seconds her computer showed a
list of websites about polio. She clicked the first website URL and her
computer showed the homepage of The Polio Society. She looked through the
list of contents. She clicked the button marked “History”. The history page
gave her the information she needed. a)
Something which you click on a website page which
takes you to another page. _________ b)
A list of website addresses
which you want to visit regularly called Bookmarks by Netscape or Favourites by Internet Explorer. _________ c) A place on the
Internet that gives you information about a particular subject. _________ d) A program which looks
for particular words or phrases in websites on the Internet. _________ e)
A software program which
allows you to access and navigate the Internet such as Netscape
Navigator or Internet Explorer. _________ f)
The address which takes you to
a website. _________ Exercise 5R. Read the
text “Brief history of the Web” and put the correct form of the words in
the gaps. One example (address) is done for you. Personal computers (PCs) Small computers which people use at work/home. A network Computers joined together so that they can communicate. The Internet A network of millions of computers around the
world. Electronic mail (email) A way of sending and receiving messages on the
Internet. The World Wide Web A user-friendly way of looking at words or
pictures and listening to sounds on the Internet. Also called
the Web or the WWW. A browser Computer software used to look at the Web. A site A place on the Internet, also called a webpage. An address The location of a site/webpage. Brief history of the Web The _________________ has existed since 1969. It
was created by the USA military as a way of
communicating even after a nuclear war. Universities soon used it. At first it was only used to send and receive _________________ messages. Thirty years ago computers were very big and very expensive.
Today millions of people use computers at home and at
work. Many people can afford to have a
_________________ at home and, at work, computers are joined over _________________s. In 1991 _________________ was invented. Now people looked at words, saw pictures and even heard sounds from around the world
on their PCs. The Web was very popular. In 1987
there were 10,000 webpages but by 1992 there were more
than one million _________________s and many millions of webpage addresses.
Thirty years ago a few people used the Internet to send email. Today, all you need is a PC and a ____________ like Explorer
to discover the wonderful world of the Web. Exercise 6R. Complete this product description of an
internet security program. Type in the missing words using the mixed-up
letters in brackets: EFG EFG (1) [inta-riuvs] software is the only
program you need for complete protection from online threats. EFG scans all incoming
and outgoing email attachments, helping to protect your PC against (2) [rivessu], (3) [romsw], (4) [Torsjan]
and other types of (5) [lawmare]. A
(6) [lawlrife] shields your system
from attack by (7) [reschak], while
the program can also detect if a website’s (8) [igidlat ercteacfiti] is out-of-date or suspicious, allowing you
to carry out financial transactions online with total security. In addition to
all of the above, the EFG Professional Edition also comes with email (9) [crynetipon] and the EFG (10) [rawsyep] scanner, helping you to keep
your system free of unwanted advertising and (11) [socoiek]. EFG Basic is available to
download as (12) [warfeeer] by
clicking here. Alternatively, you can purchase the EFG Professional Edition
for only £29.95. Click here to visit our (13) [rescue witebes] or pay using PayPal by clicking here. (S) Speaking (block I):
Exercise 1S. The
picture illustrates a typical web page. Look at the box above, then find the
following features in the picture:
·
go to the home page ·
retrace your steps ·
go forward one page ·
interrupt the current transfer ·
update a page ·
find words within a page ·
load and display the page's images
4.
Clickable
hypertext link Exercise 2S. What’s your e-mail address?
In your group find out everyone’s e-mail address. Exercise 3S. Ask
your partner these questions: 1.
Have you got a computer at home? What do you use it for? 2.
Do you use a computer at work / school / university? What for? 3.
What do you know about the history of the Internet? 4.
Do you use the Internet at home, at work? What do you use it for? 5.
Which of the following can you use: chat, instant messenger, Skype, a
webcam? 6.
Have you ever bought anything on the Net? If so, what? 7.
What is the Internet? 8.
What can you do on the Internet? Make a list of possible applications. 9.
What web site do you visit to chat with friends? 10.
Which chat channels are you interested in? 11.
Do you talk with strangers during web chats? 12.
Do you use your real name or a nickname? 13.
How long do you usually spend at the terminal? Exercise 4S. Look
at these tasks and choose the most suitable Web site from the cyberlist:
Exercise 5S. Work
in small groups. Find out about the groups favourite websites. Do you know
the addresses?
Make a list of the top five. (SR) Supplementary reading
(block I): Exercise 1SR. Reading comprehension. Read one of the
abstracts below and get ready to give brief summary of it in Ukrainian: The Internet What is the Internet and how is it useful? The Internet is a global network of interconnected networks. The unique thing about the Internet is the sheer amount of information
that you can access from it. Whatever your interest you can search for and
find information on the most obscure topics. As a research tool the Internet is an incredibly valuable tool.
Whether you are gathering information about a rival company on the other side
of the world, or are looking for information about your family tree, you will
find there is plenty of information available. If you publish material on the Internet, it can be accessed by
everyone on the Internet (providing they can find it!). As a marketing tool,
this has interesting possibilities. It is possible for a small company to
sell products and services worldwide, without the need for a single
sales-person! These days the problem is often not finding information but rather
dealing with the sheer amount of information that is available. Also, when it
comes to the Internet you have no idea how accurate or up to date a lot of
the information you access really is. More information
about search engines: http://www.searchenginewatch.com To search the Internet you use what are called Internet search
engines. These are easily accessed via your Internet browser (i.e. Microsoft
Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator). Within the search
engine, you enter a word or phrase and it will retrieve documents from the
Internet based on the information you typed in. International search engine examples include: Alta Excite http://www.excite.com HotBot http://www.hotbot.com Infoseek/GO http://www.go.com/ Lycos http://www.lycos.com MetaCrawler http://www.metacrawler.com MSN Internet Search http://search.msn.com Web Crawler http://www.webcrawler.com Yahoo http://www.yahoo.com The UK Plus http://www.ukplus.co.uk Yell - UK Yellow Pages http://www.yell.co.uk G.O.D. a Lycos UK http://www.lycos.co.uk Infoseek UK http://www.infoseek.co.uk Searching with a search engine
A search engine is a device
that sends out inquiries to sites on the web and catalogs any web site it
encounters, without evaluating it. Methods of inquiry differ from search
engine to search engine, so the results reported by each one will also
differ. Search engines maintain an incredibly large number of sites in their
archives, so you must limit your search terms in order to avoid becoming
overwhelmed by an unmanageable number of responses. Search engines are good for
finding sources for well-defined topics. Typing in a general term such as
"education" or "Shakespeare" will bring back far too many
results, but by narrowing your topic, you can get the kind (and amount) of
information that you need. Example: ·
Go to Google (a search engine) ·
Type in a general term ("education") ·
Add modifiers to further define and narrow your
topic ("rural education ·
Be as specific as you can ("rural education ·
Submit your
search. Adjust your search based upon
the number of responses you receive (if you get too few responses, submit a
more general search; if you get too many, add more modifiers). The benefits of E-mail When you send an email its transmission is often almost instantaneous.
This is especially useful when sending a message to someone in a different
country. Also, unlike when using a telephone you do not have to worry about
whether the recipient of a message, living on the other side of the world,
may be asleep! When they wake up, they can read their email and reply to you! A single email can simultaneously be sent to many different people.
This can be very useful in a business environment, however this facility can
be abused and it is now possible for people to send email via the Internet to
millions of people. This rather stupid habit is known as Spamming by the
Internet community and is very strongly disapproved of! What is required
to use E-mail? To send and receive email you require a computer, plus the necessary
hardware and software. There are two basic types of email that you need to know about. Internal company emails are sent and received via your company’s LAN
(Local Area Network). These are normally private systems that can only be
accessed by people working within your organization. If you are connected to the Internet, then you can send or receive
emails sent by another individual or organization that is also Internet
connected. You will need email software to compose and send an email, but
increasingly this is actually built into Windows, and many people will now
compose their email within Microsoft Word and then use the Windows system to
also send the email for them. If you are connected to your organization’s LAN (Local Area Network),
you will need a network card (board) in your computer. In many cases, Windows
itself can then be used to connect to your company’s server PCs. In other
cases, your organization may use specialist network software such as Novell's
NetWare. In a large company, you may often also connect to the Internet via
your LAN. In other cases, you may require a modem to be connected to your
computer to allow you to access the telephone system and then the Internet.
In most cases the actual mechanics of connecting to the LAN and the Internet
will have been setup for you by your organization's IT support staff. If you
are working at home on your own or for a small company then setting up a
connection to the Internet is a relatively simple task. The cost of email
vs. conventional mail If you are sending a traditional letter to many people, then you have
to pay a fixed price for each person that you are sending the letter to. The
great thing about email is that when you have the correct software you can
send to one person or many people for almost the same price and that price
will be a fraction of the cost of using traditional posted letters. The other
great thing about email is that transmission of the email is almost instant.
Whether the recipient is in the next room or on the other side of the world.
If you need to telephone someone living in a different time zone then you
need to consider the time at that location. If however you send an email from
say, Exercise 2SR. Complete the online chat by choosing the correct abbreviations from the table below: Will: How ______(r/u/b) things? Nick: Good, thanks. _____(r/u/2)? Will: Not bad. Need 2 talk _______(IOW/ASAP/IMO) 2 discuss the new website. Nick: OK. _______(F2F/TIA/IC) or on the phone? Will: Meet _____(2/u/4) coffee? I need 2 get
out of the house! _____(BBS/BTW/LOL) Nick: _______(IC/GL/ur)! ______(b/2/c) u at the café at 3.30? Will: Great. _______(BBS/BFN/IOW). Chat
abbreviations We often use abbreviations
in online chats and Instant Messaging:
It's OK to use chat abbreviations,
but try not to rely on them too much -they can make a conversation difficult
to follow. They are also very informal. (L) Listening Task (Recording 10) Exercise 1L. Peter
Morgan, the director of Text Link, is talking to a journalist about the
Internet. Listen and complete the journalist's notes.
Task (Recording 11) Exercise 2L. Listen to David giving his presentation about eBay
in a business school seminar. Listen and correct the mistakes in this student’s
notes on David’s presentation. 1. eBay was founded five years ago 2. eBay employs 12,600 people around the
world 4. From the beginning top eBay management had
successful computer backgrounds 5. eBay has got shops all over the world 6. eBay is successful in Japan and Hong Kong (SR) Supplementary reading
(block II): Exercise 3SR. Translate
the text into English, use the following words and word-combinations: to
be obliged to appearance historical
events to
accompany from
the ancient times to
depict as
time passes to
be relative an
embodiment solemn coming out Lord
Chancellor wool
sack the
changing of the Guard ravens the
Tower to
attract an
attempt imprints glory and greatness Багато англійських традицій завдячують своєю появою тим чи іншим
історичним подіям. Великобританію неможливо уявити без своїх традицій, які супроводжують
кожного британця від народження до смерті. Багато англійських традицій дійшло
до нас із далекого минулого, вони широко висвітлені в англійській літературі.
Але все змінюється з плином часу. Змінюються і традиції. Деякі з них носять
досить умовний характер. Звичаї та традиції того чи іншого народу є втіленням його історії,
культури та психології. Урочистий виїзд королеви та її тронна промова з нагоди відкриття сесії
Парламенту, спікер, який сидить на мішку з вовни в палаті Лордів, караул в
старовинній фортеці біля Букінгемського палацу, вóрони, які живуть в Тауері –
все це не лише ефектна декорація, яка приваблює іноземних туристів, а й
спроба зберегти відбитки булої слави та величі Британії. Exercise 4SR. Do you know… ·
There’s a legend that the ·
The fireplace is a symbol
of a happy family life in ·
Many English have many
customs and manners they can be proud of. Among them is English humour. It’s
an irony directed against oneself only. (G) Grammar (block II): Exercise 6G. Complete
the following sentences: 1.
2.
It is not a small port,
____________? 3.
There is much rain in 4.
There no high mountains in
5.
6.
It doesn’t occupy very large
space of land, __________? 7.
Fish is caught on all
parts of the coast, ___________? 8.
It is not caught only in
rivers, ____________? 9.
Fishermen have lots of
work to do, ___________? 10.
They haven’t got much time
to rest, ___________? 11.
The symbol of 12.
You have never been to
this country, ____________? Exercise 7G. Put the verbs in the
brackets in the Past simple: 1.
In 1209, 2.
3.
4.
Under King Henry VIII nobles /build/ _________ estates outside 5.
The West End thus /begin/ _________ to develop. 6.
The king /own/
_________ six palaces in 7.
In 1547 Henry VIII /die/ _________, the
palace of (S) Speaking (block II): Exercise 6S. Answer
the following questions: 1.
Could you imagine 2.
If you went to 3.
Have you ever talked to an Englishman? 4.
Would you like to live in 5.
What English traditions do you like? 6.
What do Englishmen think about the Royal family? 7.
What do you think about modern English people? 8.
If you had a chance of visiting Exercise 7S. Read and translate the following text and
get ready to speak on it: History, culture and traditions of Great Britain Many hundreds
years ago, about the 4th century A.D. the country we now call In time, however,
the Britons in the South learned to grow corn, to work in metal and to do
other useful things. They traded with the nearest part of Europe which is now
called In the 1st
century BC The The
complete political union - the United Kingdom of Great
Britain - was at last archived in 1801. By the 18th
century The At
present The
English are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. All
English people celebrate Christmas on the 25th of December. It's
the most beautiful time of the year — the time of
love, joy, hopes. Christmas Day is the birthday of Christ
and it is a family holiday. It is the time when all the
family gets together round the Christmas tree decorated with toys and sweets. Little
children believe that when they are asleep Santa Claus comes with a big bag
of toys. They often hang up large stockings for
the presents. All families have Christmas dinners. They
eat traditional dishes - turkey, duck and pudding. There
is also a pleasant custom to send cards and letters with the words:
"Merry Christmas". There
are some traditions on New Year's Day. One
of them is the old First Footing. The first man to
come into the house is very important. The
Englishmen believe him to bring luck. This
man (not woman) must be healthy, young, pretty-looking. He
brings presents - bread, a piece of coal or coin. These
are only some of the traditions and customs existing in |
