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YEAR OF STUDY II
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SECTION I SECTION II
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Unit 7 (G) Grammar: Revision:
Modals Modals +
Perfectives (R) (SR) Supplementary reading: Copyright (L) Listening Web
designing (S) Speaking: Famous
people of GB (G) Grammar (block I): Modals (Variants of translation)
Exercise 1G. Translate the following sentences with the
modals “can” and “could”: 1.
Can I help you? 2.
He can’t have done this
translation. 3.
They can’t be reading this
book in the original! 4.
Having visited 5.
Can I have lost my money? 6.
Don’t you think he could
create this website? 7.
I wonder if you could tell
me about this poet. 8.
Can you be his friend? I
can’t believe it! 9.
She can’t have been
studying at this University for 3 years 10. Sorry, I couldn’t but leave! Exercise 2G. Translate into English using “can” or
“could”: 1.
Читаючи сонети
Шекспіра, не можна не захоплюватися талантом автора! 2.
Чи можу я
скористатися Вашим мобільним телефоном? 3.
Не може бути,
що я забув Ваше ім’я! 4.
Він може дуже
добре креслити. 5.
Чи не могли б
Ви мені допомогти? 6.
Я не міг не
скористатися факсом! 7.
Невже Ви не
читали книг цього письменника? 8.
Невже я
припустився такої помилки? 9.
Не може бути,
щоб я припустився такої помилки! 10. Ви вмієте користуватися сканером?
Exercise 3G. Translate the following sentences with
modals “must” and “should”: 1.
You shouldn’t have bought this
monitor now – the prices are falling rapidly. 2.
He must be creating a new
document. 3.
You mustn’t cross the
street in this place! 4.
A young specialist should
know at least one foreign language. 5.
You should update your
site as soon as possible. 6.
You must have been told
about this conference. 7.
We should decide whether
to delete this information or not. 8.
You mustn’t open e-mail
attachments in the letters from strangers. 9.
Should I say something
more? 10. Must I upgrade now? Exercise 4G. Translate the sentences into English using
“must” or “should”: 1. Вам не слід
обговорювати це питання сьогодні. 2. Напевне, ви помилилися,
вам варто перевірити цю інформацію ще раз. 3. Він не повинен
спізнюватися на роботу. 4. Нам не слід було
публікувати цей сайт. 5. Їм слід подумати чи
варто використовувати ці файли. 6. Чи повинен я зробити це
негайно? 7. Йому не слід
турбуватися про цю статтю. 8. Напевне, я забув Вашу
адресу. 9. Кожен інженер повинен
знати англійську мову. 10. Напевне, він
перезавантажував комп’ютер. 11. Ви повинні робити
резервне копіювання так часто, наскільки це можливо. 12. Вам слід було зберігати
пароль в надійному місці.
Exercise 5G. Translate the following sentences paying
attention to the modal verb “may”: 1.
He might have used this
device. 2.
He may not notice this
mistake. 3.
May I use your phone? 4.
You might have forgotten
it in the lab. 5.
You may be watching a
football match on TV. 6.
You may go to 7.
It may not snow too much. 8.
They may be waiting for
him now. 9.
Do you think he might have
made such a mistake? 10.
There might not be a
meeting, because our chief is on a business trip. Exercise 6G. Translate the sentences into English using
“may” or “might”: 1. Можливо, Ви зачекаєте ще 1
хвилину? 2. Можливо, ціни
знизяться наступного місяця. 3. Чи можу я скористатися
Вашим комп’ютером? 4. Ви легко можете створити
такий документ самостійно. 5. Можливо, Ви знищили цей
файл. 6. Мабуть, завтра дощу не
буде. 7. Мабуть, ви загубили Ваші
ключі від сейфу. 8. Можливо, він поновив свій
веб-сайт. 9. Можливо, Ви помиляєтеся.
Перевірте цей архів ще раз. 10. Можливо, він любить
говорити про політику. Exercise 7G. Complete
the sentences using can, could, may, might, should, can't, must. 1.
All HTML documents _____ start with <HTML> and
end with </HTML>. 2.
If I knew the Java language, I _____ include some attractive
banners on my web page. 3.
With a web page editor you _____ create a web
document easily. 4.
That woman speaks with a 5.
She _____ be a top model. I know some of her
friends. 6.
He _____ be a good web page designer because he
doesn't know the HTML language. 7.
_____ I use your laptop? I need to print out this
report. 8.
Before you start to make a website, you _____ decide
how to organize the content. Exercise 8G. Complete the
conversation between a web designer and his client: Web designer (WD): So
(must/should/can)
I ask what kind of (web page/website/home page) you want? Client (C): Well,
I’m a singer in a band, and I (needn’t/must/need) an online presence to help with promotion, that kind of thing.
I don’t want anything too complicated. It’d be good if it looked nice,
though. Perhaps a nice (backgroung/graphics/text) and some attractive (backgroung/graphics/RSS feeds). WD: OK,
that doesn’t sound too complicated. Will you need (streaming
audio/plug-ins/Cascading Style Sheets)
and (HTML/PDFs/full motion video)
, too? I mean, do you want people to be able to listen to your music direct
from the site and watch music videos, that kind of thing? C: Yes,
it’d be great if people (could/may/should) do that. WD: OK,
well a visitor (must/might/should) need to download the appropriate (plug-in/HTML/graphics) , but that’s very easy. And what about (Cascading
Style Sheets/wallpaper/RSS feeds) ? It’s good if
people (may/can/needn’t)
find out about any new updates to the site automatically. C: Sure,
but how expensive is all of this going to be? D: You
(may not/can’t/needn’t)
worry. It sounds like the kind of job that we’ll do using a (Cascading
Style Sheets/web editor/tag) like Dreamweaver.
That’ll make things quicker – and cheaper – than hard-coding in (text/HTML/RSS
feeds). We also now use something called (Cascading Style Sheets/HTML/plug-ins) , which allow us to add styles to web documents. It’s
basically a way of making presentation changes across a website more easily.
When do you want the site to (go live/go on/go out)? C: In
a month, if possible. I’ve already written all of the (text/graphics/streaming
audio). (Must/Should/Needn’t) I just email that to you? WD: Yes,
please do. I (can/must/might)
be able to start work on this next week. C: OK.
Actually, that reminds me, I need to get in touch with the other members of
the band and ask them to send me any images that they want to put on the
site. Which file formats do you prefer? WD: Jpeg
or gif are best for images, and avi or mpeg for video files. Oh, and any
audio files (must/might/could)
be in mp3 or wav. That’s better than Real Audio files, which some media
players (can’t/needn’t/mustn’t)
play. C: No
problem. WD: OK,
then. Once I have all of the files, I’ll (publish/updated/format) the text, insert the graphics and sounds, link all of the
pages together, and then we can publish the website. You (should/can/might) try and keep it updated, too. I can help with that, for only a
small fee. C: Great,
that sounds perfect. Exercise 9G. Translate the following sentences into English: 1.
Чи зможете Ви
мені допомогти? 2.
Що йому
потрібно робити? 3.
Невже наша
команда програла? 4.
Їм доведеться
провести цей дослід самостійно. 5.
Вам слід знати
різницю між цими двома пристроями. 6.
Я не зміг зрозуміти,
про що вони кажуть. 7.
Їм не слід
поспішати. 8.
Можливо, він не
робив цього. 9.
Нашим студентам
можна відвідувати обчислювальний центр. 10. Напевне, цю статтю ще не переклали. Exercise 10G. Translate the following proverbs and learn
them by heart: 1.
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 2.
A man can die
but once. 3.
As you sow, you shall mow. 4.
As you make your bed, so you must lie on it. 5.
Can the leopard change his spots? 6. It would make even a cat laugh. 7. What can't be cured, must be endured. (L)
Listening (block I): Task (Recording 12) Exercise 1L. a) In this interview, Sarah Almy describes how to plan, design and publish
a website. Listen
and put these steps in the correct order: □
Publish the
website □
Insert computer
graphics and sounds □
Keep website
updated □ Weave together
related pages with hyperlinks □
Write and format the text □ Decide the
content and structure for the website b)
Listen again and decide
whether these design tips (or guidelines) are Right or Wrong. 1. Plan your website carefully. 2. Use a Web editor.
It will make it easier to create your pages. 3. Insert photos or
animations just to make the pages look attractive. 4. Place a large
number of graphics on your pages. 5. Use very bright colours. 6. Put a lot of
links on one page. 7. Check that all
the links on your Web pages are correct. 8. Once they are
published, update your pages regularly. (R) Exercise 1R. Look at the text and illustrations below and find
the answers to these questions: 1. What are HTML codes called? 2. What's the
function of HTML codes? 3. What type of
program allows you to design a web page without writing HTML? 4. How can you view
the source code of any web page? 5. How do you
connect your home page with the other pages that you have created? Creating web pages You can
create a basic web page using a text editor or a word processor, but you need
to know a code called HTML, or Hypertext Mark-up Language. This consists of
HTML commands, called tags, which are placed around pieces of text to tell
the web browser how to display text or graphics. You can enter different
commands to define text size and font, format paragraphs, add colour, etc. All HTML files: · start with <HTML> ·
have heading text that begins with <HEAD>, which
has a title enclosed between tags, and ends with </HEAD> ·
have body text that starts with <BODY>, where
you place the contents of the actual document (i.e. text, images, links,
etc.), and ends with </BODY> · end with </HTML> You can also create links to other web pages by
using the tag <A HREF="filename">active text</A> If you are not familiar with HTML, you can use a Web
editor like Microsoft FrontPage or Macromedia Dreamweaver to simplify the
process. Web editors are user-friendly and WYSIWYG (What you see is what you
get). Different buttons and menu items enable you to design a page without
writing HTML, i.e. they automatically produce the tags for text, tables,
image maps, frames, etc. You can view the source code for any page you like
by clicking the option "Page source" in the browser's menu. Websites
with an effective use of graphics are more inviting and communicative than
plain text. So you may like to insert different types of pictures: scanned
photos, bars, icons, backgrounds, and moving images. Once you have created a few pages, you should join them
together with hyperlinks. A hyperlink is a piece of highlighted text or a
picture that acts as a link to another page. You can place local links to
help readers navigate through your pages. You may also like to insert
external links to other people's websites. Exercise 2R. Can you recognize these basic HTML tags?
Match them with the correct function:
(L)
Listening (block II): Task (Recording 13) Exercise 2L. Listen to a dialogue between Reeta, an expert
on search engine optimisation, and her client. Listen again
and match the
words and definitions:
(S) Speaking (block I): Exercise 1S.
a) Look at the homepage of Yahoo and try to answer these questions: · Why do people
create and publish web pages? · What does a
website consist of? · What is a homepage? · What is an
Internet portal? b) Think about your favourite websites. ·
Do you like the way they are designed? Explain why. ·
What elements do you think a good website should
have? Make a list. Exercise 2S. Work through this questionnaire with a
partner: 1
What do you use the Web for? 2
What is your favourite search engine? Why? 3
Music portals have become very popular on the Net.
Which one do you like most? Why? 4
Would you be interested in accessing the Internet
through your "TV? 5
Do you know how to use the HTML language? 6
Have you ever used a web editor to create web pages? 7
What sort of web pages would you like to make? 8
Is there anything you'd like to have on the Internet
that you can't have yet? Exercise 3S. In small groups, collect information about
your college or company and design a web homepage for it. (SR) Supplementary reading Exercise 1SR. Do you know… Copyright Most programs that you purchase are copyrighted and you must not copy
them. If you do so you may be breaking the law and if caught, you could find
yourself being prosecuted! Many people will buy a copy of a game and make a
copy for their friends or other family member. This is also normally
unlawful. Even lending your program disks or CD-ROM to other people may be
breaking the law in most cases. There are numerous organizations, such as
FAST (the Federation Against Software Theft), which are dedicated to preventing
the illegal copying of software. In a business situation, if your manager
tells you to copy software, ALWAYS first make sure that you have a license
that entitles you to copy the software, because in many countries, you will
be personally liable for damages! More Information: The Federation
Against Software Theft http://www.fast.org.uk What is freeware? Some software is made freely available. Demonstration disks often come
under this category. In addition, a lot of software is produced by the
educational community and is made freely available. Always read any licenses
supplied with such software very carefully before use. More information: http://download.cnet.com/?st.dl.freewarecom..redir Shareware is software that is freely available and is designed to let
you use the product for free, for a limited period while you decide if you
like it or not. After this period, you must legally either remove it, or pay
an amount to the producers of the product. More information: http://shareware.cnet.com What about
software that you find on the Internet There are some sites on the Internet run by dubious organization’s
that might make copies of commercial software freely available. If you
download any software from the Internet, make sure that it is legal! Many large companies do not go out and buy a certain amount of
'shrink-wrapped' copies of each software product that they need, instead they
will buy a site license. These site licenses are different in their small
print, but generally mean that the companies purchasing the license can make
a fixed numbers of copies available to their staff, normally via a company
network. Exercise 2SR. Complete
these extracts from wikis about cybercrime by typing in the past simple form
of the verbs in brackets. Then decide what kind of cybercrime each wiki is
describing: 1. In July 2001, the online file-sharing network Napster (shut) its website following legal action from several major
record labels. (piracy/spreading of
malicious software/IP spoofing) 2. In late 3. The first well-known worm (be) the Internet Worm of
1988, which (infect) SunOS and VAX
BSD systems. (distribution of indecent
or offensive material/theft of intellectual property/spreading of malicious
software) 4. A 2007 study (find)
that 28% of female internet users had experienced online harassment. In 84%
of cases, the incidents (happen) in
a chat room. (theft of intellectual
property/cyberstalking/phishing) 5.
In 2008, author
J K Rowling (say) that a company
trying to publish an online Harry Potter encyclopedia had “stolen her words”.
(cyberstalking/phishing/theft of
intellectual property) Exercise 3SR. Complete the
conversation between an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and a customer.
Type words from the box into spaces 1–16. Then choose the correct words to
complete the sentences.
ISP
Helpdesk Operator (HO): Customer
support, good morning. Customer (C): Yeah, hi. (Who/How/What) am I speaking to? HO: My name’s Martin. (Who/How/What) can I
help? C: I’m having some problems with my
(1)_____ connection. I can’t get online. HO: OK. I’m sure I can help. Let me just
quickly check your (2) ___ address … C: My what? What (do/did/does) that mean? HO: It’s just a unique series of numbers
that identifies your computer when it’s online. OK, just wait a sec … Mmm …
Is your (3) _____ plugged in and working OK? C: Is that the same as the (4) _____
router? The thing that plugs into the phone line? HO: Yes. (do/are/is) the lights flashing? C: Yes, they’re flashing really fast. HO: OK. Just turn the router off and on at
the back. (Is/Does/Do) it working
now? C: Yes, it is. (Who/Why/What) did that happen? HO: It’s nothing serious – sometimes you
just need to reset the router. Is there anything else I can help you with? C: Actually, yes. I’m paying all this money
for one of those fast, what do you call them, (5) _____ connections, but all I’m
using the computer for is checking (6) _____ and looking up information on
the (7) _____. (What/How) else can
I do with all this technology? HO: Well, have you tried instant (8) _____?
You know, having real-time chats with friends over the Internet? C: (How
old/How fast/How often) do you think I am? That sounds like the kind of
thing my 15-year-old son would be into, not me! HO: OK, well (how old/how fast/how often) is your connection? If it’s very
fast, then you can take advantage of (9) _____ – that means downloading files
from the Internet onto your hard drive. It’s a feature that is built into
your web (10) _____, so it’s very easy to use. You can download music, films,
anything you want, really. C: That sounds expensive. (How old/How fast/How much) does it
cost to download a song? HO: It depends on the site. Another thing
you might want to try is (11) _____ – public discussion areas on nearly any
topic. It’s part of a system called Usenet. You’ll need a (12) _____ – that’s
a program that lets you view and post messages – and a (13) _____ and
password. It’s all very easy. C: OK, that all sounds interesting. Thanks
for all … HO: Actually, you might be interested in a
new product we’ve launched this week. Can I ask which (14) _____ you use? C: Outlook Express. HO: OK,
we have some new anti-(15) _____ software that helps detect junk email by
looking for suspicious words in the subject line of the email. It also looks
for suspicious (16) _____ – that’s how viruses are normally sent between
computers. It only costs £5.99 a month and … (S) Speaking (block II): Exercise 4S. Read and translate the following text and
get ready to speak on it: The famous figures of art and science of The Isaac Newton is a famous
mathematician who worked out a basic formula which we call the binominal
theorem now. He is also the discoverer of the Law of Gravitation. Ernest Rutherford, a famous
English physicist worked in the field of radioactivity. He was one of the
founders of the atomic theory of physics and creators of the first atomic
model. Henry Bessemer is one of the
greatest inventors of the 19th century. He invented the new
process of steel production, the so-called Bessemer process. Joseph John Thomson is a
discoverer of the electron, the discovery of the electron and the
investigation of its nature led to a revolution in physical science. Michael Faraday founded the
theory of electric and magnetic fields. He made his major discovery in the
field of electricity – the electromagnetic induction. We can’t also help
mentioning Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of penicillin. The great work
that he did was done for the benefit of sick men and women. His discovery of
penicillin did more to help suffering mankind than anything else for
centuries. These and many other
outstanding people of this country have made great contribution to world
culture and science. Exercise 5S. Answer the following questions: 1.
What English famous people do you know? 2.
Which of the English scientists in your opinion made
the greatest contribution to the world science? 3.
Could you imagine our life without penicillin? 4.
Who discovered the Law of Gravitation? 5.
What do you know about W. Shakespeare? Name some of
his works. 6.
What is your favourite English writer? 7.
Do you know any poems of English poets? 8.
Can we learn English without reading English books
in the original? 9.
What is your favourite book written by one of the
English writers? 10. Who was named “A
queen of the detective stories”? 11. Do you like
science-fiction? 12. What’s your
favourite story by Arthur Conan Doyle? 13. Where did “The
Beatles” come from? 14. What’s the
motherland of football? 15. Which of the
England’s great people graduated from Oxford and Cambridge? |
